Types Of Major Depressive Disorder - 1614 Words

Major Depressive Disorder, to me, was a mental disease that meant you were sad. Before learning about it in class, I believed it meant crying, and staying in bed all day. I did not know why it happened, or think there was any connection with it and biology. I witnessed multiple people look down at the disorder as a sign of weakness. As I socialized with these individuals, I found myself connecting what they said to the disorder. I, personally, did not believe it to be a sign of weakness but because I knew others did, that’s what came to mind. Apparently, it was also a poor man’s disease. I had a friend who did not believe that privileged people were allowed to be depressed. I was exposed to a lot of the stigma that comes with mental illness. Unfortunately, that clouded my contact with the reality of the disorder. Through reading on the disorder, and the psychology classes I have taken, I was able to push past the stigma and what I was socialized to believe. I disregard the saying that it’s just a sign of weakness, and people just need to get over it. I learned that anyone can be affected by the disorder, even someone who is privileged, and lives a comfortable life. It is not always an environmental/sociocultural cause, but can be a more chemical/biological response. This definitely reinforced my disapproval of the stigma on major depressive disorder and encouraged me to fight against it. According to the DSM-5, a major depressive disorder is being in a depressed/sad mood forShow MoreRelatedMajor Types Of Major Depressive Disorder Essay2264 Words   |  10 Pages Major depressive disorder is a mental illness characterized by five or more of the following symptoms that have been present during the same 2 week period.29 These symptoms include; depressed mood, diminished interest or pleasure, fatigue, insomnia or hypersomnia, feelings of guilt or unworthiness, significant weight gain or weight loss change, and poor concentration.29 These symptoms cause significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. TheyRead MoreTypes Of Major Depressive Disorder1690 Words   |  7 PagesDepression in Inmates Major depressive disorder is a mood disorder that can be found among many Americans, reaching roughly three percent of adults and eleven percent of adolescents living in the United States. Other forms of less severe depression affect about ten percent of adult Americans. Women are more likely to be affected by this disorder than men, and women in their 30’s are also more likely to be affected than women of any other age group. In the criminal justice world, many adults who areRead MoreMajor Types Of Major Depressive Disorder ( Mdd ) Essay927 Words   |  4 PagesMajor Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a mental disorder characterized by behavioral, emotional, and cognitive symptoms that include but are not limited to the loss of pleasure or interest in activities (anhedonia), sleep disturbances, appetite changes, guilt or worthlessness, fatigue, lack of concentrating and/or indecisiveness including emotion dysregulation (mood swings) and views of the negative affect. People with MD D have five or more depressive symptoms, including sad mood or loss of pleasureRead MoreMajor Types Of Major Depressive Disorder1112 Words   |  5 Pages Major depressive disorder is a mental disorder characterized by a pervasive and persistent low mood that is accompanied by low self-esteem and by a loss of interest or pleasure in normally enjoyable activities. The term depression is used in a number of different ways. It is often used to mean this syndrome but may refer to other mood disorders or simply to a low mood. Major depressive disorder is a disabling condition that adversely affects a person s family, work or school life, sleepingRead MoreMajor Types Of Major Depressive Disorder1551 Words   |  7 PagesMajor depressive disorder is one of the most common mental illnesses in the United States. In 2013 8.1% of females, and 5.1% of males in America reported having a major depressive episode in the previous year. (National Institute of Mental Health, 2013). According to Lorig and Powell (1988) women are more commonly diagnosed with depression and histrionic personality disorders, while men are more frequently diagnosed with antisocial personality disorders. This is consistent with the theory of shiftingRead MoreMajor Types Of Major Depressive Disorder1487 Words   |  6 PagesMajor Depressive Disorder Major depressive disorder is a mood disorder in which a person experiences low mood, loss of interest, and diminished self-esteem. Symptoms of depression take over every part of a person. It can hinder emotions, bodily utilities, behaviors, and thoughts. Depression is a common mood disorder and can affect any age group. Depression occurs when a person experiences a loss of self-esteem. Such as doing badly in a class, the loss of a loved one, or losing a career. Mild symptomsRead MoreTypes Of Major Depressive Disorder1500 Words   |  6 PagesMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is categorised by loss of interest in previously pleasurable activities and a depressed mood (Burton, Westen Kowalski, 2015). Symptoms include disturbances in sleep, appetite, concentration and energy. Sufferers often feel worthless, shoulder excessive guilt and, experience suicidal thoughts (Burton et al., 2015). Episodes often last 5 months (Spijker et al., 2002, as cited in Burton et al., 2015). One in se ven Australians will experience depression (AustralianRead MorePsychology : Human And Emotional Type Of Disorders1734 Words   |  7 Pagessense the overall topic of abnormal psychology. Abnormal psychology is and can be thought of as like any other psychology in a way but more specifically it is a psychology that deals with the understanding of mental and emotional type of disorders. As a psychology major you get to look at psychology through many forms, this is done with an objective which prepares you so to see which focus you find or can connect to most, most often for personal or logical base reasons. A subject or topic that caughtRead MoreDepression Is a Common but Serious Illness776 Words   |  4 Pagesactivities of an individual and the people that surround them. Depression can occur in many different ways. Major depressive episode, or major depression, is a period of intense depressed mood. This particular type of depression can occur at any age and have diverse characteristics depending on the circumstance. Individuals may experience a single episode or may have reoccurring episodes. Major depressive can affect a person’s sleep, school, work, and activities that once were enjoyable to them. The symptomsRead MoreBipolar Disorder : Symptoms And Symptoms943 Words   |  4 Pages Bipolar Disorder is a severe mental illness that causes shifts in mood swings by being overly excited or overly depressed, and can have suicidal thoughts. â€Å"All people with bipolar disorder have manic episodes- abnormally elevated or irritable moods that last a week and impair functioning.† (htpp://www.apa.org, 2015) Bipolar disorder is a long-term illness, can be controlled with prescription medication and psychotherapy sessions. Bipolar disorders are broken down into many parts

Islamic banking and Conventional bank Example

Essays on Islamic banking and Conventional bank Essay Difference between conventional banking and Islamic banking of Table of Contents Introduction 3 Aim of the study 3 Importance of the study 3 Difference between Islamic banks and Conventional banks 4 Difference between the two types of banks: practical approach 4 Difference between the two types of banks: theoretical approach 6 Conclusion 7 References 8 Introduction The global financial crisis of 2008 changed the banking system all over the world. At one hand, it highlighted and questioned the functioning of conventional banks while one the hand, it increased attention on functioning of Islamic banks. The law that rules conventional banks is rule of debit and credit while Islamic banking system is governed by Shariah laws. Academicians have observed that advantages of shariah-compliant financial services such as long term uncertain loans and mismatched short term deposits are mitigated with equity elements. Further, shariah compliant products are popular with those individuals who seek to avail those financial services that are consistent with Islamic religious views. Prior to the crisis, these banks were infamous and operative within their respective countries. However, crashing of major financial banks attracted attention of investors and financial intermediates towards these banks (Lewis Algaoud, 2001). The paper intends to discuss different Islamic banking services and products and distinguish them from conventional banking services. In addition, the paper will also explain elaborately different laws that govern Islamic banking sector and separate its operations from conventional banking. Aim of the study The paper aims at having a clear view and deep understanding of the elements of financial services that differentiate Islamic banks from conventional banks. Importance of the study During 2007-08, every conventional bank across the globe faced the heat of financial crisis. Many investment banks were bankrupt and debt ridden. However, during this period the Islamic banks existing in MENA (Middle East and North Africa) countries such as UAE, and Qatar performed unexpectedly well (Lewis Algaoud, 2001). It was observed that their bonds suffered a little but otherwise, they managed well. Furthermore, when the global banks were hesitant towards lending, these banks granted new loans during liquidity crisis. The comparative study will serve as an answer to various unasked questions regarding effectiveness of Islamic banks, which can be adopted by conventional banks to prevent future disasters. Difference between Islamic banks and Conventional banks Difference between the two types of banks: practical approach Islamic finance and banking facilities are a rising sector whose functions are based on Shariah (Islamic Law) principles. The main governing principles of Shariah are: Absence of interest-based transactions (Riba) Avoidance of speculation (Gharar) Avoidance of oppression (Zulm) Introduction of Islamic taxation (Zakat) Discouragement to activities that disagree with Islamic values (Haram) (Lewis Algaoud, 2001) A very distinctive aspect of Islamic finance is that it does not allow direct lending and borrowing in terms of money and other financial assets in order to create debt. In Shariah rule, the debt can only be created through lease based financial schemes or by selling or leasing real assets such as buildings, property and other physical infrastructure. Moreover, under this law, the debt of one person cannot be transferred or sold to someone. In other words, Islamic banking opposes the very reason of financial crisis, which was selling of subprime mortgages in the form of collateral bonds by investments banks to investors. The principle of Shariah insists on involvement of productive economic development in any kind of financial transaction. Scientifically, this factor eliminates the potential scope of excessive risk exposure related to leverage (IMF, 2014). In many countries such as Pakistan and Iran, Islamic banks are only source of mainstream financing while in countries such as Malaysia, United Kingdom, Indonesia and Bangladesh, Shariah compliant financing exists along with conventional banking. Unlike conventional banks, the essence of Islamic bank lies in risk and profit sharing so that profit is directly proportional to the risk. For instance, the risk associated with an investment activity is always integrated in respective financial transaction. Such a technique ensures stability and soundness in Islamic finance. Another important aspect of Islamic financing is that it prohibits trading of unregulated financial services such as derivatives and discounted debt sale whereas investors are allowed to invest in fixed return instruments (Ryu, Piao Nam, 2012). A survey by World Bank exhibited quantitative analysis of performance of Islamic banks and conventional banks all over the world. The data gathered through the survey was useful in preparing comparative study between both banks. The survey included 2956 banks across 141 countries and around 100 banks out of the same were Islamic banks. It was observed that between 1995 and 2007, an increasing number of Islamic banks have reported their financial information compared to conventional banks. It was further observed that Islamic banks enjoy higher share of fee income over conventional banks, by relying more on non-deposit funding. The loan-deposit ratio of conventional banks was comparatively high suggesting heavy dependence on interest-income generated through loans and deposits. Furthermore, asset quality of these banks was compared on the basis of loss reserves, loan loss provisions and non-performing assets. Even in this criterion, Islamic banks outperformed conventional banks by having significantly low loan loss reserve and non-performing assets. The last indicator that was employed was determination of bank stability based on solvency, profitability, leverage and volatility along with return on assets and capital asset ratio. It was observed that Islamic banks are better capitalized and more profitable compared to conventional banks. Alongside, Islamic banks were found to be less liquid than conventional banks (Beck, Demirgà ¼Ãƒ §-Kunt Merrouche, 2013). The following graph presents growth of assets in Islamic and conventional banks from 2006 to 2010- Figure 1 (Source: World Bank, 2014) Figure 2 (Source: IMF, 2014) Difference between the two types of banks: theoretical approach In modern Islamic banking services it is important to incorporate Zakat (Islamic tax) in all the activities while no such law is there in conventional banking. The conventional banks are formed for the purpose of earning profit through lending money and earning it back along with compounded interest. For these banks money is treated as a commodity and a source of motivation. On the other hand, Islamic banks believe in participative banking with know-your-customer orientation. Unlike conventional banks, Islamic banks do not follow principles of capitalism theory and profit maximization is subject to Shariah restrictions. In conventional banks earning profit is the main motive and risks can be transferred at a given cost. However, Shariah approved banks all financial transactions aim at greater good through economic development. These banks put great emphasis on the viability of the projects they approve. On the contrary, conventional banks ensure that the client is credit-worthy where credit is equivalent to ‘commodity pricing’. The Islamic bank plays a number of roles such as investor, partner, trader, seller and buyer with respect to relationship with clients, whereas that of conventional bank is to maintain creditor-debtor relationship (Lewis Algaoud, 2001). Conclusion The paper has emphasized on discussing the differences between conventional banks and Islamic banks. Comparison has been made between these two types of banks to understand the rationale behind success of Islamic banks during financial crisis of 2008. It was observed the Islamic finance and banking is an emerging sector yes it has greater extent of stability than conventional banks. The code of governance for Islamic banks is defined by Shariah (Islamic law) while conventional banks function on the basis of debit-credit rule. The paper has highlighted theoretical as well as practical approach to comparison and determination of differences. In theoretical approach it was found that Islamic banks not only provide fund to their client but they participate in their decision making as well. Whereas, the conventional banks are highly profit oriented. Statistics from World Bank supported the fact that Islamic banks are less risky and more profitable. As a result, it is expected that the conventional banking system will adopt the working structure of Islamic banks to prevent future financial disasters. References Beck, T., Demirgà ¼Ãƒ §-Kunt, A. Merrouche, O. (2013). Islamic vs. conventional banking: Business model, efficiency and stability. Retrieved from: http://elibrary.worldbank.org/doi/pdf/10.1596/1813-9450-5446. IMF. (2014). Islamic Banks: More Resilient to Crisis? Retrieved from: https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/survey/so/2010/RES100410A.htm. Lewis, M. Algaoud, L. M. (2001).  Islamic banking. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar. Ryu, K.P., Piao, S.Z. Nam, D. (2012). A Comparative Study between the Islamic and Conventional Banking Systems and Its Implications. Scholarly Journal of Business Administration, 2(5), 48-54. World Bank. (2014). Can Socially Responsible Investing bridge the Gap between Islamic and Conventional Financial Markets? Retrieved from: http://blogs.worldbank.org/psd/can-socially-responsible-investing-bridge-the-gap-between-islamic-and-conventional-financial-markets.

Gramm Leach Bliley Modernization Act of 1999 Free Essays

Gramm Leach Bliley Modernization Act of 1999 History of the GLBA The Gramm Leach Bliley Modernization Act of 1999 is a regulation that Congress passed on November 12, 1999, which attempts to update and modernize the  financial industry. The main function of the Act was to repeal the Glass-Steagall Act that said banks and  other financial institutions were not allowed to offer financial services,  like  investments and insurance-related  services, as part of normal operations. The act is also known as the Financial Services  Modernization Act. We will write a custom essay sample on Gramm Leach Bliley Modernization Act of 1999 or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (GLBA), which is also known as the Financial Services Modernization Act of 1999, provides limited privacy protections against the sale of your private financial information. Additionally, the GLBA codifies protections against pretexting, the practice of obtaining personal information through false pretenses. (EPIC. org) Senator William Gramm Senator William Philip Gramm, also known as Phil, is a Representative and Senator from Texas. From 1978 to 1983, he served as a Democratic Congressman. Then from 1983 to 1985, Senator Gramm served as a Republican Congressman.Most recently, from 1985-2002, he served as a Republican Senator. After graduating from the University of Georgia in 1964, he continued at U of G to receive his doctorate in 1967. William Gramm was a professor of economics from 1967-1978. During this period, from 1971-1978, he also founded an economic consulting firm by the name of Gramm amp; Associates. In 1981, he co-sponsored the  Gramm-Latta Budget  which implemented  President  Ronald Reagan’s economic program, increased  military spending, cut other spending, and mandated the  Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981.Just days after being reelected in 1982, Gramm was thrown off the  House Budget Committee  for supporting Reagan’s tax cuts. In response, Gramm resigned his House seat on January 5, 1983. He then ran as a Republican for his own spot in a February 12, 1983 special election, and won. He became the first Republican to represent the district since its creation. Glass Steagall Act Due to the horrific losses incurred as a result of  1929’s Black Tuesday and Thursday,  the Glass-Steagall act was  created originally during the 1930s in order to prevent bank depositors  from  additional exposure to  risk associated with  stock market issues.As a result, for many years, banks were not legally allowed to  act as  brokers. Since many regulations  have been  instituted  since the 1930s to protect bank depositors,  GLBA was created to  allow the financial industry to offer more services. Current Events related to GLBA Due to the recent financial crisis and with concerns about the country’s economic status on the rise, GLBA has attracted its share of criticism. In an earlier statement, President Obama was quoted in the Wall Street Journal as saying that the GLBA helped create the 2007 subprime crisis. Nobel prize recipients Joseph Stiglitz and Paul Krugman have also criticized the Act.In fact, Paul Krugman referred to the co-author, former Senator Phil Gramm, as the â€Å"Father of the Financial Crisis. † Although GLBA is receiving the bulk of the outrage, the true â€Å"monsters† in this financial crisis have come from the unregulated brokerage industry and investment banks. Recent Proposals Although it seems to have fallen from new legislation, The Volcker Rule   is a pr oposal   to restrict banks from making certain kinds of speculative investments if they are not strictly on behalf of their customers. Volcker has argued that such speculative activity played a key role in the  current financial crisis.The Volcker Rule was first publicly endorsed by President Obama on January 21, 2010. The proposal specifically prohibits a bank or institution that owns a bank from engaging in  proprietary trading that isn’t strictly on behalf of its clients, and from owning or investing in a hedge fund or private equity fund, as well as limiting the liabilities that the largest banks could hold. As of February 23, 2010, Congress began to consider a different bill allowing federal regulators to restrict proprietary trading and hedge fund ownership by banks, but not prohibiting these activities altogether. Paul Volcker was earlier appointed as the chair of President  Obama’s  Economic Recovery Advisory Board, which was created on February 6, 2009.Works Cited†Biographical Directory of the United States Congress†. June 30, 2010 http://bioguide. congress. gov/scripts/bio display. pl? index=g000365.†Information Regarding the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act of 1999†³. U. S. Senate Commitee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs. June 30, 2010 http://banking. senate. gov/conf/.†The Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act†. Electronic Privacy Information Center. June 30, 2010 ;lt;http://epic. org/privacy/glba/;gt;. How to cite Gramm Leach Bliley Modernization Act of 1999, Papers

Concepts In Innovation Output Measurement - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the Concepts In Innovation Output Measurement. Answer: Customer segmentation of Spalk The target market of Spalk can be divided in different segments such as demographics, psychographics and behavioral characteristics. Thus, the customer segmentation of them will be discussed in these three parameters. Demographic customer segments The target customers of Spalk in terms of the age group are vast ranging from 16 years to 65 years. This is due to the reason that, Spalk is catering in the sports market and sports are having different types with different target age groups. Moreover, Spalk is having their commentary services for different sports around the world, which further enhancing their target age groups. However, it is also to be noted that the younger and teenage groups are more to be targeted due to the reason that the sports market is having the highest penetration among the younger age groups. Figure: 1 Sports market segmentation in Australia Source: (Roy Morgan, 2018) According to the above figure, it is seen that the market penetration among the younger groups of population is more and thus, the target market of Spalk in terms of age groups is more concentrated towards younger age compared to the older age. Moreover, in terms of gender, the target market of Spalk is equally segregated due to the reason that in the current time, women viewership in the sports is at par with the male counterparts. The above figure also shows that there is very less differences between the market penetration among male and female viewers. Psychographic customer segments Psychographic customer segment of Spalk can be divided in different aspects. One is interest. Customers with having interest in different types of sports or particularly in one sports and with having the interest in commentary in different languages are the target customers of Spalk. In terms of the lifestyle, customers with having time for sports but they are not having much time to attend in physical are the target customers for Spalk. They will be able to hear the commentary of their favorite sport in their preferred language at any point of time. Figure: 2 Percentage of online viewership Source: (Crane, 2018) The above data shows that, the rate of market penetration of online streaming is more with the younger age groups. Thus, the target market for the Spalk will be younger generation due to the fact they are only catering to the online market of sports. Behavioral customer segments In terms of the buying patterns, the target customers of Spalk are the customers who are more interested in the online services. These customers will be more interested in viewing the sports in more in online medium. The key benefit that they mainly sought from the service is the convenience. This is due to the reason that, these customers are having less time to attend the sports events and they do not have the convenience to watch the events live on the television. In addition, another benefit sought by the customers is the variety in the language of commentary. In the case of the television, this cannot be fulfilled; however, customers opting for Spalk are in the need of commentary in their preferred language. Stakeholder analysis Prior to the commencement of the stakeholder analysis, it is important to first identify the key internal and external stakeholders of Spalk. Internal stakeholders of them include freelancing commentators, management team and other employees of the organization, while the external stakeholders are the channel partners and the customers. Hence, in order to identify the impact and intensity of these stakeholders in the operation of the organization, stakeholder analysis will be incorporated. Figure: 3 Stakeholder analysis matrix The first element of the stakeholder analysis is the high power and low interest. In the case of the Spalk, these stakeholders are the channel partners. The second element is the stakeholders with having high power and high interest. This element will include the management team of Spalk. They are having majority of the interest in the business operation of the organization and they are having the power in the decision making process. The next element in the matrix is the stakeholders with having low power and low interest. In the present time, Spalk is not having any such stakeholders in place. The last element is the stakeholders are the ones who are having low power and high interest. In the case of the Spalk, these stakeholders are the customers, employees and the freelancing commentators. Needs of the stakeholders Needs of the stakeholders refer to the requirement of the stakeholders in enhancing their performance in the organization. In the case of Spalk, the need of the employees is the proper and effective working environment in the organization with having proper infrastructure and facilities in order to maintain their job effectiveness and performance. The need of the management team is to have skilled and right employees in right place with having the ability to deal with different organizational challenges. Moreover, their need also includes having diverse and varied number of commentators to offer commentary service in different languages to the audience. The need of the customers of Spalk is to have reliable and quality online service, which will work seamlessly in every location and at any point of time. Moreover, the customers are also in the need of having the options of hearing commentary in their chosen language. From their point of view, they are in the need of having the required infrastructure in order to avail the services of Spalk. Need of the freelancing commentators includes proper pay scale for their services and effective communication process with the management team. Moreover, they are also in the need of a laptop and internet connection in order to do the job with Spalk. The channel partners of Spalk are in the need of reliable partners who will be able to stream their content properly in the online medium and who will be able to reach the content to the maximum number of the target customers. Interests of the stakeholders Interests of the stakeholders refer to the impact of the business operations on them. The intensity to which the business operation of the organization is having positive or negative impact on the stakeholders is the interest of them. In the case of the Spalk, employees are having high level of interest due to the reason that, profit or loss in the business operation of the organization will have financial impact on the employees. Moreover, their salary and job security are also depending on the business operation of Spalk. On the other hand, customers are having moderate interest in Spalk. This is due to the reason that, ineffective customer service and service offerings will affect the user experience of them. Interest of the management team is also high due to the fact that, their financial benefits are also depending on the business operation of the organization. Channel partners are having less interest in the organization due to the reason they are having number of options and substitute services available in the market, which can be switched over at point of time. Moreover, the effectiveness of the channel partners is also not depending on the business performance of Spalk. Freelancing commentators are also having higher interest in the organization due to the reason that, their income and earnings are depended on the business performance of the organization. Power of the stakeholders Power of the stakeholders refers to the level of influence that the particular stakeholder is having with him in the daily business operation of the organization. In the case of Spalk, employees are having less power in the organization due to the reason that, they are not much having any opinion on the decision making process in the organization. On the other hand, upper level management is having higher degree of power in the organization. This is due to the reason that upper level management is having the major power in the decision making process. Customers and commentators are also not having any power in the organization. Competitive analysis Currently, Spalk is having number of competitors in the global market. Some of their direct competitors are Pundit sports, iHaertmedia and Argus media. These competitors are posing one of the key challenges for Spalk in the global market. Apart from these direct competitors, there are various other mediums already present in the market, which are not directly competing with them but posing challenges in the global market. These mediums are the live television streaming and attending the events in physical. The more people will get attracted towards these mediums, the less will be the customer traffic for Spalk. Market positioning Spalk can be considered as market leader in its segment. This is due to the reason that, they are one of the early entrants in the market and rapidly increasing their market presence in different regions around the world. According to the recent reports, in the recent time, Spalk is eying to tap the growing market in the United States (MCNICOL, 2018). In the market of the United States, Spalk will be late mover due to the presence of other competitors already in the market. Marketing strategies Spalk is having mass market marketing strategies rather than having niche marketing strategies. In accordance to that, they are having their presence in more markets around the world compared to their competitors. On the other hand, they involve online marketing extensively due to the reason that they are catering to the online customers only. Traditional marketing strategies include advertising the brand in the sports events, which helps the customers to relate the brand with the sports related content effectively. They in order to enhance their presence in maximum markets and to have maximum market reach are also initiating market development strategies. Resources of Spalk VRIO framework Valuable Human resources Financial resources Brand value Rarity Skill and attributes Organizational culture Imitation cost Assets Brand value and trademark Skills and attributes Organizational capability Organizational culture Human resources Financial resources Environmental analysis Strengths The availability of huge variety of language in commentary is one of the key strengths of Spalk. This is due to the reason that, offering services in different languages is helping them to cater to larger society and to different cultural groups around the world. Other strength of them is their distribution channel. Spalk is having their entire distribution channel online. Thus, the cost is relatively lower compared to traditional distribution channel and reaches effectively to the target customers Weaknesses Spalk is currently not having huge and extensive brand value in the global market. This is due to the reason that, they are actually startup and founded just a few years ago. Thus, they are not having to the access to the latest technologies and organizational processes. Moreover, the facility of online streaming is limited to the metro cities only. Thus, the market opportunity is also limited. Opportunities Rapid advancement in the technology will help Spalk to increase their market opportunity. Moreover, in the recent time, major population is having less time for live television streaming. Thus, they will more prefer online streaming of sports commentary. Threats Entry of new competitors in the market will reduce the profitability. In addition, rapidly developing the technology will further change the preference pattern of the customers, which will reduce the potentiality of Spalk. Evaluation of Innovation with VRIO and Timmons Model With the analysis of the different marketing strategies and SWOT analysis, it can be seen that innovation is required to be done in the respective company. The respective company can adopt disruptive or radical innovation technology, as this will create significant kind of impact on the economic and market activities. Furthermore, it has been seen that Spalk is a new start up business wherein proper analysis has been done with the SWOT analysis that helped them in understanding weaknesses, strengths, opportunities and threats. In order to gain the competitive advantage, they need to analyze their strengths in such a manner that this will help in reducing the cost of the different products as this will help them in cater to larger societies. The distribution channel has to be created in such a manner that will help them in targeting different kind of customers in the marketplace. The company needs to differentiate the different products and services in an effective manner wherein this will help them to spread their presence in the global market(Hodson, 2016). The opportunities of the company have to be analyzed effectively as this will help the company in gaining competitive advantage in the market. The VRIO analysis can be done, as this will help in evaluating the resources of the company, as this will help them in gaining competitive advantage in the entire competitive market. The VRIO stands for Value, Rareness, Imitability and Organization(Merig et al., 2016). With the help of VRIO analysis, the internal analysis is helpful to be conducted wherein this will help in assessing the growth of the firm in an effective manner. Figure 4: Timmons Model (Source: Bain Kleinknecht, 2016) From the Timmons Model, it can be analyzed that the opportunity factor needs to adopted in an effective manner as this will help in identification of different opportunities in an effective manner. With the help of Timmons Model, the VRIO analysis needs to use the resources of the company in a sustainable manner as this will help the company in gaining competitive advantage and parity. Furthermore, Spalk is a new organization wherein the resources are valuable and uncertainty has to be reduced in an effective manner to generate creativity in the market. The requirement of the rare resources has to be analyzed as this will help in creating effective team. In the VRIO analysis, it has been seen that there are gaps in the supply chain management and financial resources wherein the imitability is low and there are differences that has to be improved. Particulars Valuable Rare Imitable Organization Implications Financial Resources Yes Yes No Yes Realized sustainable competitive advantage Production and SCM Yes Yes Yes No Easy to gain sustainable competitive advantage Marketing and Innovation Yes Yes No Yes Moderate in nature to gain sustainable advantage The proper analysis of the customers and competitors is required to be done by the Spalk Company, as this will help them in gaining competitive advantage in the market. The VRIO analysis is required to be done by the company in such a manner that will help in analyzing and implementing the strengths to secure their position in the entire competitive market (Min et al., 2016). The financial resources of Spalk have to be based on financial health of the company. Furthermore, it can be seen that Spalk is a new company, the growth is no stable in nature and there are few issues relating to the access to the new technologies in the market (Sarin, Haon Belkhouja, 2018). The rapid development is required to be made by Spalk, as this will help them in using different technologies for online streaming of different programs related to advertisement of foods and services in an effective manner. However, there are different threats as there are different competitors in the market that can reduce their profitability in the market. The respective company needs to understand the need of the shareholders in an effective manner wherein the company needs to create mass strategies of marketing that will help them in spreading their presence in the entire world (Bain Kleinknecht, 2016). Finally, the positioning of the market has to be done in such a manner that will help in rapidly increasing their presence in the market and this will help them in becoming one of the growing markets in the entire world. There are large number of competitors in the market wherein the interest and needs of the stakeholders is required to be analyzed, as this will help in becoming popular with the help of the SWOT and VRIO analysis (West Bogers, 2014). The company needs to spread their presence in an effective manner throughout the competitive market. Business Proposal Key Partners Providers of materials and manufacturers of contracts Tournaments and leagues Providers of payments Sport celebrities Distributional network Key Activities Marketing Quality control Selling and marketing of sportswear and athletic footwear Equipment Design and development Production and sponsoring Value Proposition In order to bring innovation and inspiration to each and every athlete Concept of unique personalization To create different experiences and products for the athletes of today and they solve problems for the next generation Customer Relationships Customization is required to be done as this will help the respective company in attracting lucrative young shoppers Sustainable kind of innovation Online and offline experience and channels Loyalty programs Fashion and celebrities Customer Segments Sport fans Young generation Massive market Key Resources Designers for designing the different sportswear apparels Excellence of the supply chain 3D printing kind of technology Technology of Knitting Channels Spalk.com Internet Events Independent distributors Media Cost Structure Taxes Staffs Distribution Marketing and IT infrastructure Taxes Sponsorships Revenue Streams Sale of different products From the above business canvas model, it can be analyzed that proper cost structure and the revenue streams is required to be analyzed as this will help them in selling different products in an effective manner. The different process of the channels and the key activities and resources has to be analyzed effectively as this will help the company in gaining competitive advantage and compete with the other competitors in the market in an effective manner. The company Spalk needs to analyze the key activities as to generate huge productivity in the end. Reference Bain, D., Kleinknecht, A. (Eds.). (2016).New concepts in innovation output measurement. Springer. Crane, V. (2018).TV Battle Royale.Talking Trending Tech. Retrieved 9 March 2018, from https://talkingtrendingtech.com/2017/12/07/tv-battle-royale/ Hodson, R. (2016). Open innovation.Nature,533(7602), S53. MCNICOL, H. (2018).Spalk eyes US market for 'unique' sports commentary technology.Stuff. Retrieved 9 March 2018, from https://www.stuff.co.nz/business/94745640/spalk-eyes-us-market-for-unique-sports-commentary-technology Merig, J. M., Cancino, C. A., Coronado, F., Urbano, D. (2016). 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